Peking University

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Global Excellence Strategy

On the 121st founding anniversary Peking University unveiled the "Global Excellence Strategy" an international blueprint aiming to enhance Peking University’s global presence during the "Fourth Industrial Revolution". The "Global Excellence Strategy" aims to strengthen international cooperation overcome development barriers gather global resources and stimulate collegial relationships. The Global Excellence Strategy is based upon the English word "CLOUDS" representing the "cloud era" of the "Fourth Industrial Revolution". Each letter stands for a corresponding word namely creativity leadership openness uniqueness diversity and shaping.

See also

National School of Development (NSD)

The National School of Development (formerly China Center for Economic Research) is ranked amongst the top five most influential think tanks in China.

In 1998 Justin Yifu Lin et al. jointly founded the Beijing International MBA at Peking University (BiMBA) which is ranked among the top six MBA programs by Quacquarelli Symonds in its TopMBA ranking of the best MBA programs in Asia Pacific for the year 2014–2015. BiMBA has also been ranked as the second most valuable full-time MBA in China by Forbes (after CEIBS) and among Asia's best business schools by Bloomberg Business.

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list see List of Peking University people.

Notable alumni

According to CUAA's 2015 ranking of notable alumni in politics Peking University has produced the most notable politicians among all universities in China. As of 2017 88 Peking University alumni currently serve in the government at vice-ministerial positions or higher. Notable alumni include two of the seven member Standing Committee of the CPC current premier of China Li Keqiang and current Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Zhao Leji. Other alumni in politics include current vice premier of China Hu Chunhua current minister of Education Chen Baosheng current minister of Justice Current minister of Natural resources Current Governor of the Central Bank of China Yi Gang and former minister of commerce Bo Xilai.

Notable alumni in the sciences include Nobel laureate Tu Youyou who for her work in discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin used to treat malaria was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura; nuclear physicists and contributors to Chinese nuclear weapons program Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian and "father of the Chinese hydrogen bomb" physicist Yu Min nuclear physicist Zhu Guangya particle physicist and discoverer of the partial conservation of the axial current Zhou Guangzhao; mathematician and MacArthur Fellow Yitang Zhang neurosurgeon Wang Zhongcheng pulmonologist and recipient of the Medal of the Republic Zhong Nanshan and chief economist of the World Bank Justin Yifu Lin.

Notable alumni in the humanities and arts include author Lu Xun philosopher and essayist Hu Shih polymath Lin Yutang philosopher Liang Shuming Qing-dynasty educator Gu Hongming anthropologist Fei Xiaotong translator Li Bulou computer scientist Wang Xuan and author Jin Yong. Notable international alumni include emeritus professor and linguist Michael Halliday author Julia Ebner and philosopher Professor Li Chenyang.

Notable alumni in business include co-founder and CEO of Baidu billionaire Robin Li and cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun.


Other notable alumni include chess grandmaster four-time Women's World Chess Champion and Rhodes Scholar Hou Yifan.

Notable academics and staff

Peking University has benefited from the services of notable academics and staff. These include founder of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong (who worked as a librarian at the university) [a] educator politician and revolutionary Cai Yuanpei (served as Chancellor of Peking University) and others.

Campus

The campus of Peking University was originally located northeast of the Forbidden City in the center of Beijing and was later moved to the former campus of Yenching University in 1952. The main campus is in northwest Beijing in Haidian district near the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace; the area is traditionally where many of Beijing's most renowned gardens and palaces were built.

The university campus is on the former site of Qing Dynasty imperial gardens and it retains much traditional Chinese-style landscaping including traditional houses gardens pagodas and many notable historical buildings and structures. The landscape in campus gives a presentation of western styles combined with traditional Chinese aesthetic standards. American architect and art historian Talbot Hamlin designed some of the university's buildings constructed during the 1919 to 1922 period. There are several gates that lead into campus — East West and South gates with the West Gate being the most well known for the painted murals on its ceiling. Weiming Lake is in the north of the campus and is surrounded by walking paths and small gardens. The university hosts many museums such as the Museum of University History and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology. Notable items in these museums include funerary objects that were excavated in Beijing and date back thousands of years from the graves of royals of the Warring States period. There are ritual pottery vessels as well as elaborate pieces of jewelry on display. There are also human bones set up in the traditional burial style of that period.

Beyond its main campus Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC) is on Xueyuan Road where the country's most distinguished colleges are and is a fitting site for academics and research.

In 2001 Peking University's Shenzhen campus the Shenzhen Graduate School opened its doors. The campus is located in the northwest part of Shenzhen City.

International students

Every year there are approximately 7 000 international students studying at Peking University. The dormitories for international students at the main campus are located at Shaoyuan Garden (勺园) and Zhongguanyuan Global Village (中关新园). Its international students are made up of students from most countries in the world including most of Western Europe North America and South America Asia Australia and many countries in Africa.

In 2005 Peking University and Cornell University signed an agreement formally establishing the China and Asia-Pacific Studies major at Cornell which requires students to spend a semester studying at Peking University while working at internships. In 2006 PKU launched a joint undergraduate program with Yale University in which students will spend a semester overseas living and studying together with the host institute's students. PKU's School of International Studies also launched joint degree programs with London School of Economics Paris School of International Affairs Waseda University Seoul National University and the University of Tokyo. PKU also has a longstanding relationship with Stanford University which operates a joint research center and base for Stanford students and scholars at the Stanford Center at Peking University located in the Lee Jung Sen Building. The Peking University HSBC Business School has joint degree programs with University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong.

The university has maintained a partnership with the Freie Universität Berlin since 1981 and the Higher School of Economics since 2015 and in 2019 became a partner of Washington University of St. Louis through the McDonnell International Scholars Academy.

Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

Main article: Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School is a satellite campus of Peking University located in Shenzhen Guangdong. It was founded in September 2001 in collaboration with the Shenzhen Municipal Government and is located in University Town of Shenzhen along with satellite campuses of Tsinghua University and Harbin Institute of Technology. Dr. Wen Hai a renowned economist in China and the vice-president of Peking University is the present chancellor of PKU Shenzhen. The school houses seven research departments as well as the Peking University HSBC Business School and Peking University School of Transnational Law.

On August 29 2016 Peking University signed a strategic agreement with the Shenzhen Municipal Government to further develop its Shenzhen Graduate School the university plans build a brand new campus near the existed graduate school and open undergraduate programs.

History

Establishment

Following China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War intellectuals - including Kang Youwei Liang Qichao and Yan Fu - called for reforms to the country's education system. In June 1896 Minister Li Duanfen proposed to create a university in the capital. On 11 June 1898 the Guangxu Emperor as part of the Hundred Days' Reform authorised the creation of the Imperial University of Peking (simplified Chinese: 京师大学堂; traditional Chinese: 京師大學堂; pinyin: Jīngshī Dàxuétáng; lit. 'Capital Grand Study Hall'). The Imperial University was formally established on 3 July 1898 when the emperor approved the royal charter written by Liang. Minister Sun Jianai was charged with the implementation. IUP served as the country's foremost institute for higher learning but also as its highest educational authority. William Alexander Parsons Martin was the first President. Most of the reforms were abolished when the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi seized power on 21 September. The university survived with altered objectives and reduced scope. It opened on 31 December with 160 students instead of the planned 500.

In 1900 the university was paralyzed by the Boxer Rebellion later in the year the "Eight-Power Allied Forces" (八国联军) entered Beijing and the university's operating was continually suspended. In 1902 "Jingshitongwenguan" a school established by the Qing court in 1862 for foreign language learning was incorporated into the Imperial University of Peking. In 1904 the university sent 47 students to study abroad which marked the first time for Chinese higher education institution to send students to foreign countries.

Following the Xinhai Revolution the Imperial University of Peking was renamed "Government University of Peking" in 1912 and then "National University of Peking" in 1919 (simplified Chinese: 国立北京大学; traditional Chinese: 國立北京大學; pinyin: Guólì Běijīng Dàxué).


Early Republic of China period (1916–1927)

The noted scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4 1917 and helped transform Peking University into the country's largest institution of higher learning with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2 000 students. President Cai inspired by the German model of academic freedom introduced faculty governance and democratic management to the university. Cai recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included some of the most prominent figures in the progressive New Culture Movement including Hu Shih Liu Bannong Ma Yinchu Li Dazhao Chen Duxiu Lu Xun and Liang Shuming. Meanwhile leading conservatives Gu Hongming and Huang Kan also taught at the university. A firm supporter for freedom of thought Cai advocated for educational independence and resigned several times protesting the government's policy and interference.

On May 1 1919 some students of Peking University learned that the Treaty of Versailles would allow Japan to receive Germany's colonising rights in Shandong province. An assembly at Peking University that included these students and representatives from other universities in Beijing was quickly organised. On May 4 students from thirteen universities marched to Tiananmen to protest the terms of Treaty of Versailles demanded the Beiyang government to refuse to sign the treaty. Demonstrators also demanded the immediate resignation of three officials: Cao Rulin Minister of the Ministry of Transportation Zhang Zongxiang China's Ambassador to Japan and Lu Zongyu Minister of Currency who they believed were in cooperation with Japanese. The protest ended up with some protesters being beaten and arrested and Cao Rulin's house burned by protesters. Following the protest on May 4 students workers and merchants from nearly all China's major cities went on strike and boycotted Japanese goods in China. The Beiyang government eventually agreed to release the arrested students and fired the three officials under intense public pressure China's representatives in Paris refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.

These protests now known as the May Fourth Movement has been widely regarded as one of the most important turning points in modern China's history. In its broader sense the May Fourth Movement led to the establishment of radical Chinese intellectuals who went on to mobilize peasants and workers into the Communist party and gain the organizational strength that would solidify the success of the Communist Revolution.

Following the May Fourth Movement Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao cofounded the Communist Party of China and Chen served as its first general secretary. Both Chen and Li served as faculty for Peking. Li served as a head librarian and Chen served as Peking University's dean.

In 1920 Peking University became the first Chinese university to accept female students.


World War II (1927–1949)

After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the resulting expansion of Japanese territorial control in east China Peking University was relocated to the southwestern city of Changsha and formed the Changsha Temporary University along with nearby schools Tsinghua University and Nankai University. In 1938 the three schools moved again this time further southwest to Kunming and formed the National Southwestern Associated University.

In 1946 after the Japanese surrender in World War II Peking University moved back to Beijing. At that time the university comprised six schools (Arts Science Law Medicine Engineering and Agriculture) and a research institute for humanities. The total student enrollment grew up to 3 000.


People's Republic of China (1949–present)

In 1949 after the People's Republic of China was established Peking University lost its "national" appellation to reflect the fact that all universities under the new socialist state would be public. In 1952 Mao Zedong's government re-grouped the country's higher education institutions with individual institutions tending to specialize in a certain field of study after the Soviet model. As a result some arts and science faculties of Tsinghua University and former Yenching University were merged into Peking University. At the same time however the university lost its Law Medicine Engineering and Agriculture schools. These schools and faculties were either merged into other universities or to found new colleges. During the re-grouping Yenching University was closed up. Peking University moved from downtown Beijing to the former Yenching campus.

The first disturbances of the Cultural Revolution began at Peking University in 1966; education there ceased between 1966 and 1970.

On May 4 1998 at the 100th anniversary of Peking University Communist Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin announced that the government would initiate a national project to promote China's higher education by funding selected universities to achieve world-class level. The project was later named “985” based on the date of its announcement.

In 2000 Beijing Medical University was merged back into Peking University and became the Peking University Health Science Campus. Beijing Medical University which used to be Medical School of Peking University was separated from Peking University in 1952. Peking University now has eight affiliated hospitals and 12 teaching hospitals.

In 2001 Peking University established the Yuanpei Program. It was formalized in 2007 as the Yuanpei College named in honor of the highly respected former university president Cai Yuanpei. The college hosts an elite undergraduate liberal arts program that allows students to freely choose specialisations. In the same year Peking University set up a satellite campus for graduate students in Shenzhen. The university's second business school Peking University HSBC Business School was launched on the Shenzhen campus in 2004.

In 2014 Peking University established the Yenching Academy a fully funded global fellowship program designed "to cultivate leaders who will advocate for global progress and cultural understanding."

In October 2015 Peking University alumni Professor Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. Having saved millions of lives artemisinin has made significant contributions to global health in regard to the fight against malaria.

On February 20 2017 Peking University officially signed a contract with The Open University to establish the Oxford Campus of Peking University's HSBC business school marking a turning point for the development of China's higher education.

Culture

Peking University is well known for its contribution to modern Chinese literature poetry and art and for the publication of groundbreaking modern Chinese books such as Hong Zicheng's A History of Contemporary Chinese Literature.

Peking University has participated in many joint art-research projects such as the Center for the Art of East Asia (CAEA) with the University of Chicago and Department of Digital Art and Design with UNESCO.

Peking University partners with Stanford University for its Asian cultural studies programs such as the Stanford Program in Beijing and the Stanford-Peking University Summer Program which encourages Stanford students interested in exploring Chinese language history culture and society to study on campus at Peking University.

Further reading

Notes and references

External links

Academics

Peking University consists of 30 schools and 12 departments with 125 majors for undergraduates 2 majors for the second Bachelor's degree 282 programs for Master's degree candidates and 258 programs for doctoral candidates. In addition to basic research the university also conducts applied research.

At present Peking University has 216 research institutions and research centres including 2 national engineering research centers 81 key national disciplines and 12 national key laboratories. With 8 million holdings the university library is the largest of its kind in Asia.

Peking University the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering. Peking University has become a center for teaching and research consisting of diverse branches of learning such as pure and applied sciences social sciences and humanities and sciences of management and education.

Over the past century some Peking University alumni have become presidents of other major Chinese universities including former Tsinghua President Luo Jialun Renmin University President Yuan Baohua Zhejiang University President Qian Sanqiang Fudan University President Zhang Zhirang Nankai University President Teng Weizao Chinese University of Science and Technology President Guan Weiyan and many others.


Rankings and reputation


General Rankings

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World	49
QS World	22
QS Employability	19
THE World	23
THE Reputation	16
Regional – Overall
QS Asia	5
QS BRICS	2
THE Asia	2
THE Emerging Economies	2
National – Overall
BCUR National	2

Many domestic rankings have placed Peking University among the top universities in mainland China. In 2015 the Chinese University Alumni Association in partnership with China Education Center considered it first among all Chinese universities.

The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2006 ranked Peking University 1st in the whole of Asia & Oceania region and 14th in the world. In the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017 an annual ranking of university graduates' employability PKU was ranked 11th in the world and 3rd in the Asia-Pacific.

In 2018 Peking University was ranked 1st in China & Emerging countries 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and 27th in the world according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Peking had topped the newly launched Times Higher Education BRICS & Emerging Economies since its inception in 2014 before it lost that top spot to Tsinghua in 2019. Peking University was among the top 20 most reputation universities in the world by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where since 2017 it has ranked 17th globally.

As of 2020 the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Peking University 23rd in the world and 2nd in China & the Asia-Pacific with its teaching and research performance indicators placed at 8th and 13th in the world respectively which are historical strengths for the university. The U.S. News & World Report ranked Peking University 51st in the world 5th in Asia and 2nd in China. QS World University Rankings ranked Peking University 23rd in the world and 5th in Asia. Peking University was also ranked 15th in the world and 1st in the whole of Asia-Pacific in the The Three University Missions Ranking. Academic Ranking of World Universities also known as the "Shanghai Ranking" placed Peking University 49th in the world 5th in the Asia-Pacific and 2nd in China. The Research Base of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Center also placed Peking University 2nd in China demonstrating the academic and research prowess of the University.


Research Performance and Subjects Rankings

The 2020 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Peking University at 8th in the world based on their publications for the time period 2015–2018. For the high quality of research in natural science and life science Peking University ranked 10th among the leading institutions globally in the Nature Index 2020 Annual Tables by Nature Research. In 2020 it ranked 13th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.

In 2021 it was ranked 9th globally in "Engineering and Technology" 11th in "Education" 14th in "Physical Science" 17th in "Social Science" 21th in "Life Science" and "Business and Economics" 28th in "Computer Science" and "Arts and Humanities" and 29th in "Clinical pre-clinical and Health" by the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects.


Schools and Institutes

Faculty of Sciences
School of Mathematical Sciences	School of Physics	College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering	School of Life Sciences
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences	School of Earth and Space Sciences	School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences	College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
Faculty of Information and Engineering
School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science	College of Engineering	Institute of Computer Science and Technology	School of Software and Microelectronics
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering	National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering*
Faculty of Humanities
Department of Chinese Language and Literature*	Department of History	School of Archaeology and Museology	Department of Philosophy and of Religious Studies
School of Foreign Languages	School of Arts	School of Chinese as a Second Language	Academy of Opera
Faculty of Social Sciences
School of International Studies	Law School	Department of Information Management	Department of Sociology
School of Government	School of Marxism	Graduate School of Education	School of Journalism and Communication
Department of PE	School of New Media*
Faculty of Economics and Management
School of Economics	Guanghua School of Management	Institute of Population Research	National School of Development
Peking University Health Science Center
School of Basic Medical Sciences	School of Pharmaceutical Sciences	School of Public Health	School of Nursing
Institute of Medical Humanities/School of Foundational Education Health Science Center	School of Continuing Medical Education*	Peking University First Hospital	Peking University People's Hospital
Peking University Third Hospital	Peking University Hospital of Stomatology	Peking University Sixth Hospital	Peking University Cancer Hospital
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital	Peking University Shougang Hospital
Interdisciplinary
Yuanpei College (undergraduate liberal arts)	Yenching Academy	Advanced Technology Institute	Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
Institute of Social Science Survey	Institute of Molecular Medicine	The Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics	Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Technology
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research	Institute of Ocean Research*	School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences	Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences
Shenzhen Graduate School
School of Electronic and Computer Engineering	School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology	School of Environment and Energy*	School of Urban Planning and Design
School of Advanced Materials	HSBC Business School	School of Transnational Law	School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Peking University Library

The Peking University Library has always strived towards: “Open Inclusiveness Cultural Inheritance Innovative Services and Harmonious Development.” The Library aims to become a modern world-class library with state-of-the-art facilities modern technology and ample resources for the students. With these goals in mind the library hopes to build Peking University into a world-class university.

The Library has developed through many stages over these past hundred years. The Library is constantly evolving expanding its collections and improving the facilities and equipment. With its new historical-yet-modern exterior the Peking University Library is one of the most representative buildings on campus. It is also widely known as one of the most significant libraries in the country.

The Peking University Library chronicles the very life of Peking University from the dedicated staff to the perseverance of the students. It shall record the proud achievements in its books and also compel us to continue our dream-chasing efforts.

simple explanation

Peking University

北京大学
Former names	Imperial University of Peking
Motto in English	Ensuring quality and pursuing excellence
Type	Public
Established	1898
President	Hao Ping
Council Chair	Qiu Shuiping
Academic staff	11 337
Students	44 729
Undergraduates	16 058
Postgraduates	28 671
Location	Haidian District Beijing China 39°59′23″N 116°18′19″E / 39.98972°N 116.30528°E / 39.98972; 116.30528Coordinates: 39°59′23″N 116°18′19″E / 39.98972°N 116.30528°E / 39.98972; 116.30528
Campus	Urban 274 ha (680 acres)
Colours	Red
Affiliations	IARU AALAU AEARU APRU BESETOHA C9 McDonnell International Scholars Academy
Website	www.pku.edu.cn

Peking University
Simplified Chinese	北京大学
Traditional Chinese	北京大學
[show]Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Běijīng Dàxué Gwoyeu Romatzyh Beeijing Dahshyue Wade–Giles Pei-ching Ta-hsüeh IPA [pèitɕíŋ tâɕɥě]

Peking University (Chinese: 北京大学 informally Beida 北大 PKU; lit. "Beijing University") is a major research university in Beijing China and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its first royal charter by the Guangxu Emperor. A successor of the older Guozijian Imperial College the university's romanized name 'Peking' retains the older transliteration of 'Beijing' that has been superseded in most other contexts. Perennially ranked as one of the top academic institutions in China and the world as of 2021 PKU is ranked 2nd in the Asia-Pacific and emerging countries and 23rd in the world by Times Higher Education.

Throughout its history PKU has had an important role "at the center of major intellectual movements" in China. Abolished of its status as a royal institution after the fall of the Qing dynasty and the Xinhai Revolution; from the early 1920s the university became a center for China's emerging progressive and republican movements. Faculty and students held important roles in originating the New Culture Movement the May Fourth Movement protests and other significant cultural and sociopolitical events to the extent that the university's history has been closely tied to that of modern China. Peking University has educated and hosted many prominent modern Chinese figures including Mao Zedong Lu Xun Gu Hongming Hu Shih Mao Dun Li Dazhao Chen Duxiu and current Premier Li Keqiang.

Peking University's library is one of the largest libraries in the world containing over 8 million volumes. The university also operates the PKU Hall a professional performing arts center and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Arts and Archaeology. PKU is also renowned for its campus grounds and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. Additionally it hosts one of the only undergraduate liberal arts colleges in Asia and is a Class A institution under the Chinese Double First Class University program. Peking University's staff include 76 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and 25 members of the World Academy of Sciences.